What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs, the two spongy organs in your chest that take in oxygen when you inhale and release carbon dioxide when you exhale. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. It is broadly classified into two main types based on the appearance of lung cancer cells under the microscope: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC is more common and includes subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What Are Common Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer?

Symptoms of lung cancer may not appear until the disease is already advanced. When they do occur, symptoms may include:

• A persistent cough that worsens over time

• Blood in the sputum (hemoptysis)

• Shortness of breath

• Chest pain

• Hoarseness

• Weight loss and loss of appetite

• Shortness of breath

• Fatigue

 

Can We Prevent Lung Cancer?

While not all lung cancers can be prevented, certain actions can significantly reduce the risk:

• Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.

• Test your home for radon.

• Avoid exposure to carcinogens at work.

• Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

• Exercise most days of the week.

 

How Do We Diagnose Lung Cancer?

Diagnosing lung cancer usually involves a series of tests, including:

• Imaging tests like chest X-rays, CT scans, PET scans, and MRI to identify abnormal masses or nodules.

• Sputum cytology to examine the sputum under the microscope for cancer cells.

• Biopsy, where a sample of abnormal cells is removed in a procedure called bronchoscopy or navigational bronchoscopy, among others, to be examined under the microscope.

What Treatment Options Are Available for Lung Cancer?

Treatment options for lung cancer depend on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient, and may include:

• Surgery to remove the tumor and surrounding lung tissue.

• Radiation therapy using high-energy beams to kill cancer cells.

• Chemotherapy using drugs to kill cancer cells.

• Targeted therapy targeting specific abnormalities in cancer cells.

• Immunotherapy to help the immune system fight cancer.

• Palliative care to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Treatment often involves a combination of these methods to effectively combat the disease.