What is Lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's immune system. It primarily affects lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that fights infection. There are two main types of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), each with distinct characteristics. NHL is more common than HL.
What Are Common Signs and Symptoms of Lymphoma?
Symptoms of lymphoma can vary but often include:
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Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin
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Unexplained weight loss
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Fever
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Night sweats
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Fatigue
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Loss of appetite
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Persistent cough or shortness of breath
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Itchy skin
Can We Prevent Lymphoma?
There is no sure way to prevent lymphoma. However, reducing exposure to known risk factors, such as avoiding immune system-weakening viruses and chemicals, may lower your risk. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also support immune system function.
How Do We Diagnose Lymphoma?
Diagnosing lymphoma usually involves:
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Physical examination: Checking for swollen lymph nodes.
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Blood tests: Evaluating the condition of the immune system and organs.
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Imaging tests: Such as CT scans, PET scans, and X-rays to detect swollen lymph nodes or other affected areas.
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Biopsy: Removing a small piece of tissue, usually a lymph node, to look for cancer cells under a microscope.
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Bone marrow biopsy: To check if the lymphoma has spread to the bone marrow.
What Treatment Options Are Available for Lymphoma?
Treatment varies depending on the type and stage of lymphoma, and may include:
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Chemotherapy: Drugs used to kill cancer cells.
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Radiation therapy: High-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells in specific areas.
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Immunotherapy: Uses the body's immune system to fight cancer.
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Targeted therapy: Drugs that target specific vulnerabilities in cancer cells.
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Stem cell transplant: Replacing affected bone marrow with healthy cells.
Treatment plans are tailored to the individual, often combining several methods to effectively combat the disease.
